PDF《第四课 Dì-sì kè》

add others in pinyin C you may have to use arrows. 4.1 First set 衣服 舒目最先早6+0 4+4 6+6 (!) 5+0 4+8 2+4 4+2 yīfu shū mù zuì xiān zǎo clothes clothes stretch out eye[before] most first early clothing [shūfu] [mùqián] [zuìjìn] [xiānshēng] [zǎoshàng] 睡觉 洗澡 买晚5+8 7+13 3+6 3+13 6+16 7+5 4+7 觉听买4+5 3+4 1+5 shuìjiào xǐzǎo tīng mǎi wǎn sleep wash listen buy late

3 Notes a) 衣('

clothes billowing on the line'

) often appears as a radical, at the bottom of graphs (eg 袋), at the top of graphs (eg 裔), or in its combining form (衤) yīzìpáng on the left side (eg 衬衫 chènshān '

shirt'

). It can also be split by an intervening phonetic element, as is the case with the traditional graph 里lǐ '

lining;

inside'

, which inserts 里into 衣. In the traditional set, 里is used for lǐ '

a Chinese mile'

;

but in the simplified set, it represents lǐ '

inside'

as well as lǐ '

Chinese mile'

. b) 服('

a vanity dresser'

), has a broader range of meaning than 衣, ie from '

clothes'

to '

restraint'

and '

submission'

. The right hand element is also found in 报/报;

contrast the right hand element 反that appears in 饭/饭. c) The radical in 舒is 舌shé '

tongue'

(originally a drawing), so the unlikely numerical designation underneath the character above, 6+6, is correct. (Think of the tongue of certain frogs which uncoils so smoothly and comfortably.) The right hand element is 予yǔ, a formal word meaning '

give'

, which looks like a broken version of 子. d) 目, originally a representation of an eye, is a common radical (called mùzìpáng), found in 睡, 省, 看, 眼(yǎnjìng '

eye-mirror'

). The two radicals 目and 木are both pronounced mù. e) The bottom element of 最is 取qǔ '

get;

obtain'

, but the relationship is obscure. The top element is the horizontal 曰yuē, not the more familiar vertical 日rì '

sun'

. f) 先'

first'

, so 先生 '

born first'

and thus deserving of respect. 早('

the sun over the horizon, so early in the morning'

). g) 睡, a compound of 目mù '

eye'

and 垂chuí as phonetic;

notice that the latter obeys the '

rule of 5'

(cf. Chars 2.4 notes). 觉/觉has two readings;

in combination with a leading 睡, it is read jiào and treated like an object;

with a following 得, it is read jué and makes up the core of a compound verb. So 睡觉/ 睡觉 and 觉得/觉得. Cf. 学/学. h) 洗澡 contains two good phonosemantic graphs: 洗, which combines sāndiǎnshuǐ with 先, now only suggestive as a phonetic, and 澡, which combines the same radical with the element found in 操cāo, 躁zào, etc. i) contains the elements 耳ěr '

ear'

, and the right hand element of 德dé (德国 Déguó '

Germany'

). The small 王in the lower left corner is originally the element with a rising head stroke, that shows up in graphs such as 廷tíng and 挺tǐng (cf. 挺好的 tǐng hǎo de) and is in fact phonetic in . The simplified form might have been built around this phonetic element, but instead the imperfect phonetic 斤jīn was combined, counter-intuitively, with kǒuzìpáng to give 听. j) The traditional graph, 买, contains the transactional radical 贝(originally a representation of a shell), also found in 贵;

cf. also 卖mài '