DOC《附件1-资助领域说明（英文）》

附件1-资助领域说明(英文) Scope of the Research Supported under this FOA This FOA will support studies in the following areas of allergy, immunology, and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS and its co-morbidities and co-infections, mental health, and selected neurological disorders.

NIAID?-?Immunology (non-HIV/AIDS): Host immune response and/or regulation and/or immunopathogenesis of the inflammatory effector response to microbial and/or viral infection.? Additionally, studies that elucidate the underlying mechanisms that result in immune memory and protection in response to vaccination. Topics of interest relevant to immunity to infection and/or vaccination include, but are not limited to: Differentiation and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells and signaling pathways;

Positive and negative regulation of inflammation;

Mechanisms by which the innate immune system directs subsequent adaptive immune responses;

Generation and maintenance of effector and memory antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes;

Generation and maintenance of anti-viral effector innate lymphocytes;

Regulation of differentiation and maintenance of effector and memory antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes;

Migration of na?ve, memory and effector cells during the induction and effector phases of immune responses and their therapeutic modulation;

Generation, differentiation and maintenance of tissue-resident antigen-specific lymphocytes;

Responses of tissue-resident lymphocytes to microbial and/or viral infections;

Regulation of antibody production and mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection Definition of biomarkers of protective immune responses;

Characterization of innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses;

Relationship between mucosal immunity and the development of, or protection from, autoimmune disease;

Mechanisms of immune-mediated pathogenesis triggered by responses to microbial and/or viral infection;

Effect of viral and microbial infections, and environmental pollutants on systemic/regional innate immunity and epithelial/mucosa functions and their contribution to the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic diseases, or autoimmune diseases, and the relationship to commensal microbiota. NIAID - Infectious Diseases (non-HIV/AIDS): Research on infectious diseases (non-HIV/AIDS) should focus on malaria, tuberculosis, dengue fever, enterovirus 71, rabies, schistosomiasis, measles, hepatitis, or influenza and include one of the following areas: Antimicrobial resistance, including mechanisms of resistance;

Resistance in disease vectors;

Immune responses to infectious diseases or vaccines, including the role of immune responses in pathogenesis;

Molecular characteristics of innate immunity in acute or chronic infections and strategies for modulation of the immune responses. NCI - Cancer:? Applications should be focused in the following areas: Genomics/Proteomics (e.g., collaborative research leveraging proteomic data publicly released by NCI'

s Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium [CPTAC]) that has been analyzed as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA));

Nanotechnology (e.g., collaborative research focused on translating genomic targets into cancer therapeutics using nanotechnology and studies on structure-activity relationships in nanomaterials and their safety);

Immunotherapy/ new immune inhibitory receptors/co-inhibitory molecules in tumor progress;

Liver cancer studies as a result of carcinogen exposure, high fat diets, or high alcohol intake;

DNA damage networks as a target for cancer cells;