PDF《Test and Score》

TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE? This edition of the TOEFL Test And Score Data Summary contains data on the performance of examinees who took the computer-basedTOEFLtestandthosewhotookthepaper-basedTOEFLtestbetweenJuly2001andJune2002.

Datafrom previous testing periods can be found on the TOEFL Web site at www.toefl.org/educator/edsumm.html. Contents ? History of the TOEFL Program

2 ? The Computer-Based TOEFL Test

3 ? Computer-Based Test Data for 2001-2002 4-9 ? The Paper-Based TOEFL Test

10 ? Paper-Based Test Data for 2001-2002 11-16 Test and Score Data Summary TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE 2002-2003 E D I T I O N www.toefl.org www.toefl.org Test and Score Data Summary

2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? History of the TOEFL Program The Test of English as a Foreign Language, known to most people as TOEFL, is designed to measure the English proficiency of people whose native language is not English. Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada require TOEFL test scores of their international applicants. Academic institutions in other countries, as well as certain independent organizations, agencies, and foreign governments, have also found the test scores useful. In addition, several medical certifica- tion and licensing agencies require TOEFL test scores. Oversight of the Program ― A national council on the testing of English as a foreign language was formed in 1962;

its members were representatives of more than

30 private organizations and government agencies con- cerned with the English proficiency of nonnative speakers of English who wished to study at colleges and universities in the United States. The council supported the development of the TOEFL test for use starting in 1963-64. Financed by grants from the Ford and Danforth Founda- tions, the TOEFL program was administered, at first, by the Modern Language Association. In 1965, the College Board? and Educational Testing Service? (ETS? ) assumed joint responsibility for the program. Since many who take the TOEFL test are potential graduate students, a coop- erative arrangement for the operation of the program was entered by ETS, the College Board, and the Gradu- ate Record Examinations? Board in 1973. Under this arrangement, ETS is responsible for administering the TOEFL program with oversight from the TOEFL Board. The TOEFL Board is comprised of

15 members. Some are affiliated with such institutions and agencies as undergraduate and graduate schools, community col- leges,nonprofit educational exchange organizations, and other public and private agencies with an interest in international education. Other members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or second language. Development of the Test ― The test originally contained five sections. As a result of extensive research, a three- section test was developed and introduced in 1976. In July 1995, the test item format was modified somewhat within the same three-section structure. In recent years, various constituencies called for a new TOEFL test that (1) is more reflective of communicative competence models;

(2) includes more constructed-response tasks and direct measures of writ- ing and speaking;

(3) includes tasks that integrate the language modalities tested;

and (4) provides more infor- mation than the paper-based TOEFL test about the ability of international students to use English in an academic environment. Accordingly, the TOEFL Board initiated a broad effort under which language testing will evolve into the twenty-first century. The introduction of the computer-based TOEFL test in