编辑: 苹果的酸 2016-05-16
Vol.

33 No.

12 Dec.

2013 第33 卷第12 期2013 年12 月中南林业科技大学学报Journal of Central South University of Forestry &

Technology 收稿日期:2013-07-04 基金项目:由国家科技支撑计划课题 (2012BAC08B01)、林业公益性行业科研专项 (201104005-07)、国家自然科学基金重大计划培育 项目(91125012)联合资助 作者简介:刘思敏 (1989-),女,甘肃张掖人,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持和水资源方面的研究 通讯作者:余新晓(1961-),男,甘肃平凉人,博士生导师,教授,研究方向:森林水文、水土保持;

E-mail:yuxinxiao111@126.com 祁连山排露沟流域降雪消融与融水径流分析 刘思敏

1 , 余新晓

1 , 牛S2,3 (1. 北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083;

2. 甘肃省森林生态与冻土水文水资源重点实验室,甘肃 张掖 734000;

3. 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃 张掖 734000) 摘要:西北内陆山区径流变化受到多种因素的影响,其中冬、春季甚至初夏季节降雪消融直接影响着径流的 形成过程和变化.本文采用降雪消融样地监测法、三角量水堰自记水位计和容积测定法,对祁连山北坡 2002-

2011 年气温、日照、降雪、积雪消融及流域径流进行长期监测与研究.结果表明:(1)祁连山排露沟流域

5 ~

9 月份为雨季,10 ~

4 月份为雪季.(2)雪季降水占全年降水量的 11.2 ~ 25.6%,平均为 17.69%,降雪平均 厚度为 40.65 cm.(3)乔木林内积雪量占灌丛林的 84.54%,阴坡积雪量比阳坡高 8.36%.积雪消融量平均为 0.184 ~ 0.526 mm/d,乔木林积雪消融占灌丛林的 78.72%,占阴坡草地的 37.66%,占阳坡草地的 32.61%;

灌丛 林积雪消融量占阴坡草地的 47.45%,占阳坡草地的 41.09%;

阴坡积雪消融量占阳坡的 34.98%,即阴坡积雪时 间比阳坡长 63.12%.(4)流域月径流深为 0.28 ~ 23.19 mm,年径流深为 83.45 mm.积雪消融形成的融水径流 深为 4.60 mm,占年总径流量的 5.51%.本文对于揭示水源涵养功能机理及其流域产流机制具有重要意义,并为 将来开展祁连山水源涵养功能评估和人工增雨雪项目提供基础数据和参考. 关键词:降雪;

积雪消融;

融雪径流;

祁连山排露沟流域 中图分类号:S715 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-923X(2013)12-0096-05 Analysis of snow ablation and meltwater runoff in Pailugou watershed in Qilian Mountains LIU Si-min1 , YU Xin-xiao1 , NIU Yun2,3 (1. College of Soil and Water Conservation ,Beijing Forest University, Beijing 100083, China;

2. Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Frozen-soil Hydrology and Water Resources, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China;

3. Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forests of Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China) Abstract: The runoff seasonal dynamics affected by many factors in northwest inland mountainous of China, including snow melt in winter and spring or early summer season directly affects the runoff formation and changes. By using the sample melting snow monitoring method, triangle measuring weir determination of watershed runoff hydrograph and volume method, the long-term monitoring and study on temperature, sunshine, snowfalls, now melt and runoff in the northern slope of Qilian mountains from

2002 to

2011 were investigated. The results show that (1) It is rainy season from May to September, and it is snow season from October to April in Pailugou watershed in Qilian mountains. (2) The snowfall accounts for 11.2% to 25.6% of the annual precipitation, the average is 17.69%, and the average thickness is about 40.65 cm, the snowfall of arbor forests accounts for 84.54% of bush forests;

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