PDF《养殖废水灌溉下施用生物质炭和果胶对土壤养分 和重金属迁移...》

? 养殖废水灌溉下施用生物质炭和果胶对土壤养分 和重金属迁移的影响 刘??源1,2,3 ,崔二苹1,2,3 ,李中阳1,2,3* ,杜臻杰1,2,3 ,高??峰1,2,3 ,樊向阳1,2,3 (1?中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡?453002;

2?中国农业科学院河南新乡农业水土环境野外科学观测试验站, 河南新乡?453002;

3?中国农业科学院农业水资源高效安全利用重点开放实验室,河南新乡?453002) 摘要: 【目的】养殖废水中含有丰富的养分,但也含有一定的重金属.

本文研究了生物质炭和果胶对养殖废水 灌溉下的土壤C植物系统养分和重金属迁移规律的影响,以利用养殖废水中的养分,并对其重金属进行调控. 【方法】选取新乡市郊区农田土壤为供试土壤,采用根箱试验方法种植玉米.设置根箱土壤中添加 1% 的生物 质炭和果胶,分别灌溉蒸馏水和养殖废水发酵产生的沼液.测定了土壤中养分和重金属的含量,探讨了其在土 壤C植物系统的迁移规律.【结果】沼液灌溉的植株地上部生长与蒸馏水灌溉无显著差异.果胶相比于生物质炭 可以促进植株生长.沼液灌溉时,果胶处理的根系和地上部生物量分别比对照增加了 25.38% 和31.21%.沼液 灌溉普遍降低了根际和非根际土壤的 pH,生物质炭处理和果胶处理与对照根际和非根际土壤的 pH 均无显著差 异.沼液灌溉增加了非根际土壤的电导,生物质炭相比于果胶增加了土壤的电导.沼液灌溉增加了土壤全氮、 有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量.果胶根际土壤的全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、有效 Fe、有效 Mn 均高于生物质炭处 理,生物质炭处理根际和非根际土壤的全钾和速效钾含量均高于果胶处理.沼液灌溉相比于蒸馏水灌溉,增加 了植株根、茎中 N 含量和 Ca 含量.生物质炭处理植株根茎叶 N 含量、根茎 P 含量、茎K含量、根茎叶 Ca 含量、根茎 Mg 含量高于果胶处理,但果胶处理养分的转运系数较高.养殖废水灌溉增加了根际和非根际土壤中 有效 Cu 和Zn 尤其是 Zn 的含量.与对照相比,生物质炭降低了根际土壤 Cu、Pb、Ni 的含量,而果胶增加了它 们的含量.沼液灌溉增加了植株根茎叶中 Cu、Zn、Pb 含量,果胶处理植株根系 Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni 含量最 高,但向地上部转运较少.【结论】在北方碱性土壤灌溉养殖废水发酵产生的沼液时,施用生物质炭和果胶可 以提高土壤肥力和植株养分含量,生物质炭通过减少土壤中有效态重金属含量以减少重金属在植物体内累积, 果胶虽然增加土壤有效态重金属含量,但可以降低其向地上部的转运,避免了重金属在植物体内的累积. 关键词: 生物质炭;

果胶;

养殖废水沼液;

养分;

重金属 Migration of nutrient and heavy metals impacted by biochar and pectin under the irrigation with livestock wastewater LIU?Yuan1,2,3 ,???CUI?Er-ping1,2,3 ,???LI?Zhong-yang1,2,3* ,???DU?Zhen-jie1,2,3 ,???GAO?Feng1,2,3 ,???FAN?Xiang-yang1,2,3 (?1 Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China;

2 Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City of Henan Province of CAAS, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China;

3 Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of CAAS, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China?) Abstract: 【Objectives】Livestock?wastewater?contains?abundant?nutrients,?but?also?contains?some?heavy metals.?Migration?of?nutrient?and?heavy?metals?impacted?by?biochar?and?pectin?application?in?soil-plant?system irrigated?by?livestock?wastewater?was?investigated?to?improve?the?use?efficiencies?of?nutrients?and?control?heavy 植物营养与肥料学报?2018,?24(2):?424C434 doi:?10.11674/zwyf.17250 Journal?of?Plant?Nutrition?and?Fertilizers http://www.plantnutrifert.org ? ? 收稿日期:2017C07C10?接受日期:2017C10C31???????? 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41701265);

河南省科技攻关计划项目(172102110121);

中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项 (中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所)(FIRI2016-13,FIRI2017-14);

中国农业科学院科技创新工程;

国家自然科学基金项 目(51479201);

十三五国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0403503). 联系方式:刘源?E-mail:liuyuanfiri88@163.com;

??*?通信作者?李中阳?E-mail:lizhongyang1980@163.com metals?in?the?livestock?wastewater.【Methods】A?rhizobox?was?used?to?carry?out?experiment?in?maize.?The tested?soil?was?collected?from?the?suburb?of?Xinxiang?City,?and?biochar?and?pectin?were?individually?added?in?ratio of?1%?into?soil.?Maize?was?irrigated?with?distilled?water?(DW)?or?fermented?livestock?waste?water?(FW).?The nutrients?and?heavy?metal?contents?in?soil?and?plants?were?determined,?and?the?immigration?of?them?in?the?plant- soil?system?was?discussed.【Results】There?was?no?difference?of?plant?shoot?biomass?between?the?FW?and?DW treatments,?pectin?showed?more?effective?in?improving?plant?growth?than?biochar?did.?Under?FW?irrigation,?the root?and?shoot?biomass?in?pectin?treatments?were?25.38%?and?31.21%?higher?than?in?no?pectin?addition.?The rhizosphere?and?bulk?soil?pH?were?generally?decreased?by?FW?irrigation,?there?was?no?significant?difference among?the?pectin,?biochar?and?no?addition?treatments.?The?electric?conductivity?of?bulk?soil?was?enhanced?by?the FW?irrigation,?and?biochar?addition?increased?it?more?than?pectin?did.?The?soil?total?N,?available?P,?readily available?K?and?organic?matter?contents?were?increased?by?the?FW?irrigation.?The?rhizosphere?soil?total?P, available?N,?available?Fe?and?available?Mn?in?the?pectin?treatments?were?higher?than?those?in?the?biochar treatments,?while?the?total?and?readily?available?K?contents?in?both?rhizosphere?and?bulk?soil?of?the?biochar treatments?were?higher?than?those?of?the?pectin?treatments.?Compared?to?the?DW?irrigation,?the?N?and?Ca?contents in?the?plant?roots?and?stems?were?enhanced?by?FW?irrigation.?Though?the?contents?of?N?in?roots,?stems?and?leaves, P?in?roots?and?stems,?K?in?stems,?Ca?in?roots,?stems?and?leaves,?and?Mg?in?roots?and?stems?of?the?biochar treatments?were?all?higher?than?those?of?the?pectin?treatments,?the?nutrient?translation?coefficients?were?higher?in the?pectin?treatments.?With?the?FW?irrigation,?the?available?Cu?and?Zn?contents,?especially?available?Zn?contents, in?rhizosphere?and?bulk?soils?were?all?increased;

?compared?with?the?no?addition?treatment,?biochar?decreased?the Cu,?Pb?and?Ni?contents?in?rhizosphere?soil?but?pectin?increased?their?contents?on?the?contrary.?The?Cu,?Zn?and?Pb contents?in?roots?and?stems?were?increased?because?of?the?FW?irrigation.?The?Cu,?Zn,?Pb,?Ni?and?Cd?contents?of plant?roots?were?high?in?the?pectin?treatments,?but?their?translocation?amounts?to?the?shoots?were?low. 【Conclusions】In?northern?alkaline?soils,?livestock?wastewater?irrigation?could?improve?the?soil?fertility?and plant?nutrient?contents?of?soil.?Addition?of?biochar?could?decrease?the?heavy?metal?contents?in?plants?by?decreasing the?available?heavy?metals?in?soil.?Pectin?could?increase?the?available?heavy?metals?in?soil,?but?decrease?their translocation?to?the?shoots,?avoiding?the?accumulation?of?heavy?metals?in?plants?to?some?extent. Key words: biochar;

?pectin;

?livestock?wastewater;

?nutrient;

?heavy?metals ? 生物质炭是有机物质在厌氧环境中经过热解形 成的一种不完全燃烧产物,由于其高稳定性、含养 分、呈碱性、带负电、高孔隙结构、高吸附容量和 含氧官能团[1] ,施入土壤后,不仅可以改善土壤的物 理、化学性质[2] ,增加土壤有机质含量,改变土壤微 生态环境[3] ,促进土壤中有害物的降解及失活[8C9] ,同 时还减少了土壤和蔬菜中的抗生素抗性基因[10] .生物 质炭作为一种具有高度稳定性的富碳物质,........