PDF《Technology----Mercury Issues》

The Latest Developments in Air Pollution Technology----Mercury Issues 大气污染控制技术最新进展----汞污染控制 15th DeSOx Conference, Beijing China, April,

2011 第十五届二氧化硫、氮氧化物、汞、细颗粒物污染控制技术与管理国际交流会

1 Robert Mcilvaine &

Gangjian Li (李钢建) Mcilvaine Company USA &

Shanghai Office 美国迈克文公司 &

上海办事处 April 27~28,

2011 The Source of Environmental, Energy, Contamination Control, and Process Industry Information Since 1974.

成立于1974年,美国迈克文公司专注于环境、能源、污染控制和加工工业等行业 信息服务. One of the Most Professional Worldwide Companies in Environmental Technologies and Market Information. 全球最专业的环保技术与市场信息公司之一. 15th DeSOx Conference, Beijing China, April,

2011 Outline ? Background 背景 ? Air Toxic Rules in the U.S. 美国有毒空气法案 ? Overviews of the New Trends in Air Pollution Control 大气污染控制技术的新动向 ? Energy Choices in China 中国的能源选择 Four Lane Knowledge Bridge from Mcilvaine Company Mcilvaine Company的四车道的知识桥梁 ? Summary 总结 Background ? To make this sharing more efficient Mcilvaine has created a free website with the Global Knowledge Orchard. 为促进知识更高效的分享,Mcilvaine公司创建 全球知识园地 的免费分 享网站. ? There are four major roots for each decison tree. They serve the four knowledge needs: Alerts, Answers, Analysis, Advancement. 每一个决策树都有4个重要的分支组成.这4个部分构成知识的要求,分 别是:通讯,答案,分析和提高. ? In the Global Knowledge orchard the fruit from the oldest trees can be profitably harvested. Providing easy access to the worlds previously accumulated knowledge is the foundation of better decision making. 在全球知识园地里,从最古老的知识树上可以收货有用的知识结果.做 出更好的决策的根基是能够方便的获得以往全球积累的知识.

4 Background ? Last year at this conference Mcilvaine presented a paper which can be reviewed at : www.mcilvainecompany.com 大气污染控制技术进展即时信 息追踪系统 去年的这个会议(第14届,上海),Mcilvaine公司发表了一份报告. 这份报告可以在 www.mcilvainecompany.com网站上的 大气污染控制技术 进展即时信息追踪系统 连接中下载. ? Rather than repeat some of this information, this paper will present only the changes and developments over the last year. 本报告不是单纯的重复去年的信息,而是给出大气污染控制技术领域 的变化和进步.

5 Background C New Air Toxic Rules in the U.S. 美国有毒空气法案 ? The U.S. EPA has just proposed rules to limit power plant air toxics in the U.S. These rules are expected to reduce

91 percent of the mercury from being released as well as greatly reduce emissions of hydrogen chloride and toxic metals such as arsenic and chromium. ? 美国环保署最近提出限制发电厂排放有毒空气的法案.这些法案有望减 少91%的汞排放,而不是之前的汞稀释.同时,将要求大大减少氯化氢和诸如 砷、铬等有毒金属物的排放. ? Most important is the decision to use total particulate as a surrogate for metal toxics such as cadmium and lead. China has few fabric filters on coal fired boilers. So if China followed the path of the U.S. there would need to be massive investment in fabric filters. Here is the likely outcome in the U.S. ? 最重要的是决定使用总颗粒物的概念来包括诸如镉和铅等有毒金属.中国 的燃煤锅炉很少使用纤维袋式过滤器.所以,如果中国准随美国的道路, 就 需要在纤维袋式除尘器上做巨额的投资.这也是美国最有可能发生的事情.

6 ? Many coal-fired power plants will switch from precipitators to fabric filters to decrease the amount of activated carbon needed for

90 percent mercury removal. They will also switch in order to meet the new particulate standard of 0.03 lbs/MMBtu total particulate. This standard has been set to insure capture of toxic metals. EPA says the rules will result in 166,000 MW of new fabric filters. ? 许多燃煤发电厂将会把除尘器改造为纤维袋式除尘器,这样可以减少脱除90%汞所 需要的大量的活性炭.同时纤维袋式除尘器可以除去粒径为0.03Ibs/MMBtu的新的细颗 粒物.这个粒径的标准 的设置能够保证去除有毒金属颗粒物.美国环保署估计这个法 案将会产生装机容量为166,000MW的纤维袋式除尘器市场. ? An investment of $16.6 billion for new fabric filters will be required in the next four years. This will then impact the sales of replacement bags. The initial outlay will be over $400 million and replacement bag costs will be over $300 million/yr. ? 未来四年,将会需要166亿美元投资于新型纤维袋式除尘器.这将影响滤袋更换的 销售市场.新型纤维袋式除尘器滤袋更换的初步的支出将超过4亿美元,滤袋更换的成 本每年将会超过3亿美元.

7 Background C New Air Toxic Rules in the U.S. 美国有毒空气法案

8 Background C New Air Toxic Rules in the U.S. 美国有毒空气法案 Overview of the Trends in Air Pollution control 大气污染控制技术的新动向 ? Carbon Capture and Sequestration (二氧化碳捕集与封存) ? The conventional methods have been mentioned in last year. ? Oxy-combustion rather than coal gasification may be the best approach to producing electricity and a concentrated CO2 stream to be sequestered. 相比于煤气化,富氧燃烧可能是更好的发电技术和富集二氧化碳气体 用于封存的好办法. ? The U.S. DOE will fund this process at an Ameren Plant in Illinois rather than the originally planned gasification and CO2 separation. Babcock &

Wilcox will supply the oxycombustor. 美国能源部即将资助该技术,应用于美国伊利诺斯州的一个发电厂. 之前,最初计划采用的技术是煤气化和二氧化碳气体封存.Babcock &

Wilcox公司将会提供富氧燃烧装置.

9 ? Carbon Capture and Sequestration (二氧化碳捕集与封存) ? Another approach with U.S. DOE funding uses a turbine designed for the aerospace industry along with gasified coal and oxygen which promises CO2 sequestration and zero emissions. Clean Energy Systems is the system supplier. 受到美国能源部的资助的一个技术是采用航空工业使用 的涡轮发电机,这个技术保证可以封存二氧化碳和承诺零排 放.Clean Energy Systems公司是该系统的供应商.

10 Overview of the Trends in Air Pollution control 大气污染控制技术的新动向 ? NOx Control Issues (氮氧化物控制问题) ? 氮氧化物控制最大的市场在中国 ? 催化剂是SCR脱硝技术的主体 ? 发展中国家如何获取更好的SCR催化剂 ? 与世界知名企业合作联合办厂;

? SCR催化剂的可持续利用问题 ? The cleaning , rejuvenation and regeneration of catalyst has become more important as power plants are faced with unexpectedly high costs for catalyst replacement . ( see a discussion of the options under our Decisive Classification). 由于发电厂正面临着更换催化剂的意外的高成本难题,催化剂的 清洁、复活和再生变得越来越重要.(参考我们在 决策分级 中的 讨论).

11 Overview of the Trends in Air Pollution control 大气污染控制技术的新动向 ?

12 Overview of the Trends in Air Pollution control 大气污染控制技术的新动向 ? The safety issue on SCR Reducer (Ammonia) 作为脱硝还原剂的氨的安全问题 ? Liquid Ammonia is cheaper both on its price and the operation cost,but the safety issue in its transportation and storage should be considered. 液氨用作脱硝还原剂,无论其原料价格还是运行费用都相对较低 ,但 其在运输及储存中的安全问题必须关注. ? Producing ammonia on-site f........